Методические разработки для практики чтения и устной речи на английском языке по вопросам медицинских специальностей: тексты, упражнений, тесты, ситуационные задачи. М., 2012 (МР) Модуль 3

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Ссылка 2 Учебные материалы по практике перевода для студентов Педиатрического факультета Использованная литература: Методические разработки для практики чтения и устной речи на английском языке по вопросам медицинских специальностей: тексты, упражнений, тесты, ситуационные задачи. М., 2012 (МР) Модуль 3 Text 3 TO DOSE OR NOT TO DOSE? Otitis media accounts for more visits to pediatricians than any other illness. Sure enough, the usual treatment for otitis media these days is a 10-day course of the antibiotic amoxicillin. Yet it remains such a confusing illness that doctors continue to argue about how to treat it, and even about whether antibiotics make any difference. Otitis media may be a consequence of children's anatomy. Most of the time, the eustachian tube allows air to flow into the middle ear. In infants and toddlers the tube's geometry allows it to be blocked by, say, a cold. Bacteria in the nose can then ride a river of mucus upward to infect the middle ear. The outward symptoms of pain and fever mark this as acute otitis media (AOM). In 1994 a group of researchers at George Washington University and the University of Minnesota looked into just how good antibiotics are at curing AOM. Using a statistical technique called meta-analysis, they combined the results of 33 earlier studies evaluating the efficacy of various antibiotics. It turned out that the drugs have only about a 14 percent advantage over the body's own immune system. In other words, in seven children who take antibiotics to clear the infection, six can recover without them. How can this be? Cells lining the middle ear produce proteins called immunoglobulins that interfere with the bacteria's ability to infect; enzymes and killer cells destroy bacteria outright. "You're overtreating six patients to capture the seventh who's going to get in trouble," says Dr. Charles Bluestone, the director of pediatric otolaryngology at Children's Hospital in Pittsburgh. "The problem is, we don't know which is which." So doctors treat them all. That avoids complications like meningitis, an infection of the lining of the brain, and mastoiditis, an infection of the bony space next to the middle ear. Both virtually vanished with the use of antimicrobials. Today all the common AOM bugs are becoming more and more resistant, but few doctors — and fewer parents — will leave a child's ear infection up to the immune system. The confusion extends to otitis media with effusion (ОМЕ), a painless condition in which the eustachian tubes are blocked and the middle ear fills up with fluid. It almost inevitably follows AOM, and can result in mild hearing loss. In 90 percent of cases hearing is back to normal in three months or less—antibiotics neither help nor hinder. Whether that loss affects a child's language development is hotly debated, as are possible complications of surgery to implant drainage tubes. (Newsweek, Special Issue “Your Child”) Lead-in Ex.1 Read the title of the text and say if the text is about treating somebody with medicine choosing the amount of medicine for a disease Scan the text and find out if you are right. Ex.2 Read the text and say which statements are true and which are false. Otitis media is not a frequent disease in children. Otitis media is usually treated with antibiotics for ten days. Doctors agree that all cases of otitis media should be treated only with antibiotics. The cause of otitis media in children may be the anatomic structure of the ear. Immunoglobulins produced in the middle ear can prevent infection. Otitis media is a harmless disease which is not accompanied by complications. Otitis media with effusion results in hearing loss. To treat or not to treat acute otitis media is still a question to discuss. Language Practice Ex.3a) Scan the text and find the terms to match the definitions. Substances that can destroy or prevent growth of bacteria and cure infections. A painful swelling of the ear, caused by an infection. A narrow tube that joins the throat to the middle ear. The system in the body that produces substances to help it fight against infection and disease. A substance, produced by all living things, which helps a chemical change happen without being changed itself. Infection of the ear canal. b) Point out the terms in (a) with Latin or Greek elements. Which of these elements mean “inflammation”, “against”, “ear”? Ex. 4 Translate the italicized parts of the sentences into Russian. Otitis media accounts for more visits to pediatricians than any other illness. … that doctors continue to argue about how to treat it, and even about whether antibiotics make any difference. Bacteria in the nose can then ride a river of mucus upward to infect the middle ear. …how good antibiotics are at curing AOM. It turned out that the drugs have only about a 14 percent advantage over the body's own immune system. Cells lining the middle ear produce proteins called immunoglobulins that interfere with the bacteria's ability to infect; enzymes and killer cells destroy bacteria outright. Whether that loss affects a child's language development is hotly debated, as are possible complications of surgery to implant drainage tubes. That avoids complications like meningitis, an infection of the lining of the brain, and mastoiditis, an infection of the bony space next to the middle ear. ... the University of Minnesota looked into just how good antibiotics are at curing AOM. Ex.5 Find in the text the English for the Russian words and phrases. Use them in sentences of your own on the theme of the text. Курс антибиотиков; отит среднего уха; может быть следствием; строение евстахиевой трубы; боль и лихорадка; насколько антибиотики эффективны при лечении; методика; оценить эффективность антибиотиков; избавиться от инфекции; полностью уничтожить бактерии; избежать осложнений; становиться устойчивым к; состояние, при котором отсутствует боль; привести к; потеря слуха; возвратиться к норме; речевое развитие; иммунная система; мастоидит; менингит; экссудативный отит; способность бактерий; инфицировать; костная полость. Ex.6 Complete the sentences choosing the appropriate words from the list given below. Translate the sentences into Russian. …… are sometimes used to treat inflammatory diseases. Memory loss may be a …… of brain injury. Most bacteria have an ability to become …… to antibiotics. Otitis media with effusion may result in temporary …… . The patient was prescribed a course of antibiotics to …… after the operation. Chronic fatigue syndrome is still a …… illness. The …… symptoms of rash and fever are characteristic for children’s infectious diseases. outward, loss of hearing, confusing, antibiotics, resistant, avoid complications, consequence. Follow-Up Ex.7 Go back to the text and answer the questions. Why may children develop otitis media? What are the symptoms of otitis media? What treatment is usually used for acute otitis media Why are doctors still debating about the use of antibiotics in treatment of otitis media? What complications may acute otitis media lead to? What is otitis media with effusion? What may otitis media with effusion result in? Ex.8 Make a plan of the text. Ex.9 Discuss the questions. What are side effects of antibiotics? What methods of treatment are used for viral diseases?

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