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Studies Relevant to Water Fluoridation





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Studies Relevant to Water Fluoridation

and Considered For Inclusion


These studies have met the relevance criteria for the review. These studies will be assessed to see whether or not they meet the full inclusion criteria for ‘positive’ or ‘negative’ effects, and ultimately be included in the review.


1. Notes on the results of the studies of 5 year old children conducted in the West Midland since 1985. .

2. Mortality in fluoride and non-fluoride areas. Springfield: Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, The Bureau, 1952.

3. DENTAL effects of water fluoridation. Seventh report on the Brantford Fluoridation Caries Study. Med Serv J Canada 1960;16:590-607.

4. Editorial: Fluoride toxicity. Lancet 1973;2(7834):889-90.

5. Review of the National Preventive Dentistry Demonstration Program. Am J Public Health 1986;76(4):434-47.

6. Fluorides and oral health. Report of a WHO Expert Committee on Oral Health Status and Fluoride Use. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1994;846:1-37.

7. Abdennebi EH, Fandi R, Lamnaouer D. Human fluorosis in Morocco: analytical and clinical investigations. Vet Hum Toxicol 1995;37(5):465-8.

8. Adair SM, Hanes CM, Russell CM, Whitford GM. Dental caries and fluorosis among children in a rural Georgia area. Pediatr Dent 1999;21(2):81-5.

9. Adamidi IP, Apostolopoulos AX. [Comparative study of the prevalence of dental caries in a school age population and the fluoride content of the drinking water in the prefecture of Larisa]. Odontostomatol Proodos 1986;40(3):163-70.

10. Adler P. Influence of protective nontoxic amounts of fluorine in drinking water on eruption of teeth, especially permanent molars. Acta med. Acad. sc. Hung 1951;2:349-360.

11. Adriasola G. [First evaluation of the program of fluoridation of drinking water in Curico-San Fernando, Chile, 1956]. Bol Ofic Sanit Panamer 1959;47:412-20.

12. Aksiuk AF, Vershinin AA, Liutov AV, Akhmadulina MS. [Experience in the fluoridation of municipal water supplies in the USSR]. Gig Sanit 1963;28:68-73.

13. Al-Alousi W, Jackson D, Crompton G, Jenkins O. Enamel mottling in a fluoridated and a non fluoridated community. British Dental Journal 1975;138:9-15.

14. Al-Alousi W, Jackson D, Crompton G, Jenkins O. Enamel mottling in a fluoridated and a non fluoridated community. Part II. British Dental Journal 1975;138:56-60.

15. Alcock W. Dental decay: control by fluoridation. (c) The safety aspects. Roy Soc Health J 1963;83:19-23.

16. Alhava EM, Olkkonen H, Kauranen P, Kari T. The effect of drinking water fluoridation on the fluoride content, strength and mineral density of human bone. Acta Orthop Scand 1980;51(6):413-420.

17. Aliventi F, Perari A. [Clinical follow-up of school-age children exposed to caries-preventive fluoridation]. Ann Stomatol Roma 1965;14(12):1031-8.

18. Allolio B, Lehmann R. Drinking water lfuoridation and bone. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1999;107:12-20.

19. Alvarez-Ubilla A. primera evluacion del programa de fluoacion del agua potable Curico-San Fernando. Odontologica Chilena 1959;41:1277-1283.

20. Anand D, Bagga O, Mullick V. Endemic fluorosis and dental decay - preliminary study. Indian Journal Medical Research 1964;52(1):117-123.

21. Anand JK, Roberts JT. Chronic Fluorine Poisoning in Man a Review of Literature in English 1946-1989 and Indications For Research. Biomed Pharmacother 1990;44(8):417-420.

22. Ando T. [Comparative study of the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth of school children living in regions with high and low fluorides]. Rev Fac Odontol Sao Paulo 1975;13(2):261-7.

23. Angelillo IF, Torre I, Nobile CG, Villari P. Caries and fluorosis prevalence in communities with different concentrations of fluoride in the water. Caries Research 1999;33(2):114-122.

24. Anon. Dental Fluorosis and Fluoridation. Fluoride 1985;18(3):131-134.

25. anon. Fluoride: still a good public health value. Pharm. Times 1990;56(Jul):105-107.

26. Anonymous. Fluorides (inorganic, used in drinking water) (Group 3). IARC Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans 1998.

27. Ansell L. Fluoridation and the rheumatic diseases: a comparison of Watfird and Leigh. Ann.rheum.Dis 1965;25:67-75.

28. Apperly F. Endemic goiter, dental caries and drinking water. Virginia M. Month 1956;83(Jan):26.

29. Arcieri RrM, Carvalho MdL, Gonalves LMrGe, Almeida HAd, Pereira ALC, Oliveira EMd. Estudo comparativo da prevalncia da c rie dent ria apos 10 (dez) anos de adi„o de fluor nas guas de abastecimento publico de Uberlndia - MG Comparative study of dental caries prevalence after 10 (ten) years of fluoride adding in public water supply in the city of Uberlndia - MG. Rev. paul. odontol 1986;8(2 (mar-abr)):46-55.

30. Arnala I, Alhava E, Kivivouri R. Hip fracture incidence not affected by fluoridation, Ostreofluorosis studied in Finland. Acta Orthop Scand 1986;57:344-8.

31. Arnala I. Water Fluoridation and Osteoporosis. Fluoride 1987;20(1):1-3.

32. Arnold F. Fluorine in drinking water; effect on dental caries. J. Am. Dent. A. 1948;36(Jan):28-36.

33. Arnold F, HT D, Knutson J. Effect of fluoridated water supplies on caries prevalence. Pub. Health. Rep 1953;68(February):141-148.

34. Arnold FJ, Dean H, Jay P, Knutson J. Effect of fluoridated public water supply on dental caries prevalence. Pub. Health Rep. 1956;71(July):652-658.

35. Arnold F. Grand Rapids fluoridation study; results pertaining to the eleventh year of fluoridation. Am J Pub Health 1957;47(5):539-545.

36. Arnold F, Litkins R, Russell A, Scott D. Fifteenth year of the Grand Rapids Fluoridation Study. JADA 1962;65(December):780-785.

37. Arra MC, Lemke C. Effects of Adjusted Fluoridated Water On Dental Caries in School Children of Amery, Wis. J Am Dent Assoc 1964;69:460-4.

38. Arra MC, Lemke C. Reduction of Dental Caries in Children Through Adjusted Fluoridated Water. N Y J Dent 1965;35:57 PASSIM.

39. Aschengrau A, Zierler S, Cohen A. Quality of community drinking water and the occurrence of late adverse pregnancy outcomes. Archives of Environmental Health 1993;48(2):105-113.

40. Ast D, Finn S, McGaffrey I. Newburgh-Kingston caries fluoride study: dental findings after three years of water fluoridation. Am. J. Public Health 1950;40(June):716-724.

41. Ast D, Finn S, Chase H. Newburgh-Kingston caries fluorine study; further analysis of dental findings including permanent and diciduous dentitions after 4 years of water fluoridation. J.Am.Dent.A. 1951;42(February):188-195.

42. Ast D, Chase H. Newburgh-Kingston caries fluoride study; dental findings after six years of water fluoridation. Oral Surg 1953;6(Jan):114-123.

43. Ast D, Buschel A, Wachs B, Chase H. Newburgh Kinston caries fluorine study; combined clinical and roentgen dental findings after 8 years of water fluoridation. JADA 1955;50(June):680-685.

44. Ast D, Smith D, Wacks B, Cantwell K. Newburgh-Kingston caries fluorine study XIV. Combined clinical and roentgenographic dental findings after 10 years of water fluoride experience. JADA 1956;52:314-325.

45. Ast DB, Fitzgerald B. Effectiveness of water fluoridation. J Amer Dent Ass 1962;65:581-7.

46. Ata P. Endemic fluorosis and dental caries in Isparta (Turkey). Schweiz. Mschr. Zahnheilk. 1955;65(4):347-359.

47. Attwood D, Blinkhorn AS. Trends in Dental Health of Ten-Year-Old Schoolchildren in South-West Scotland Uk After Cessation of Water Fluoridation. Lancet 1988;2(8605):266-267.

48. Avorn J, Niessen L. relationship between long bone fractures and water fluoridation. Gerodontics 1986;2:175-9.

49. Azcurra AI, Battellino LJ, Calamari SE, de Cattoni ST, Kremer M, Lamberghini FC. [Dental health status of students living in places supplied with drinking water of very high and very low levels of fluorides]. Rev Saude Publica 1995;29(5):364-75.

50. Backer Dirks O, Houwink B, Kwant GW. The results of 6 1/2 years of artificial fluoridation of drinking water in the Netherlands. The Tiel-Culemborg experiment. Arch Oral Biol 1961;5:284-300.

51. Backer Dirks O. Some special features of the caries preventive effects of water fluoridation of drinking water in the Netherlands. 1961.

52. Backer-Dirks O. The relation between the fluoridation of water and dental caries exsperience. Int. Dent.J 1967;17/3:582-605.

53. Badzian-Kobos K, Auderska-Wadas W. The influence of drinking water in Zgierz of differing fluorine contents on the appearence of caries in milk teeth. Cza.Stomatol. (?) 1960;13/2:89-96.

54. Bagga OP, Gupta R, Gulati PV, Goel A. A follow up study of fluorosis a decade after a change in the source of drinking water. Preliminary report. FLUORIDE Q REP. Fluoride Quarterly Reports 1980;13(1):25-30.

55. Bagramian RA, Graves RC, Bhat M. A combined approach to preventing dental caries in schoolchildren: caries reductions after one year. J Am Dent Assoc 1976;93(5):1014-9.

56. Bardsen A, Bjorvatn K. Risk of dental fluorosis when exposed to high-fluoride water at different age. Journal of Dental Research 1998;77(SIB):548.

57. Bardsen A, Klock KS, Bjorvatn K. Dental fluorosis among persons exposed to high- and low-fluoride drinking water in western Norway. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 1999;27(4):259-267.

58. Barnes GP, Parker WA, Lyon TC, Drum MA, Coleman GC. Ethnicity, Location, Age, and Fluoridation Factors in Baby Bottle Tooth-Decay and Caries Prevalence of Head-Start Children. Public Health Reports 1992;107(2):167-173.

59. Basting RT, Pereira AC, Meneghim MdC. Avalia„o da prevalncia de c rie dent ria em escolares do Munic¡pio de Piracicaba-SP, Brasil, apos 25 anos de fluoreta„o das guas de abastecimento publico Evaluation of dental caries prevalence in students from Piracicaba-SP, Brazil, after 25 years of fluoridation of the public water supply. Rev. Odontol. Univ. S„o Paulo 1997;11(4 (out-dez)):287-92.

60. Beal J, James P. Dental caries prevalence in 5 year old children following five and a half years of water fluoridation in Birmingham-288. Brit Dent J 1971;130(7):284.

61. Beal JF, Clayton M. Fluoridation a Clinical Survey in Corby and Scunthorpe England Uk. Public Health (Lond) 1981;95(3):152-160.

62. Beckers R. [Considerations on the prevention of dental caries by fluoridation of drinking water]. Arch Belg Med Soc 1961;19:421-8.

63. Bellinger W. Water fluoridation for partial control of decay in children's teeth. J. Kansas Med. Soc. 1952;53(Feb):54-57.

64. Bellinger W, Mankin JD. Effect of Controlled Fluoridated Public Water Supplies On the Dental Caries Experience For Children Ages 9 Through 12 in Three Kansas Cities. J Kans State Dent Assoc 1965;49:117-20.

65. Bernstein D, Sadowsky N, Hegsted D. Prevalence of osteoporosis in high- and low-fluoride areas of North Dakota. JAMA 1966;198:499-504.

66. Bernstein M. [Model of caries prevention in the district of Gardelegen with tablets and drinking water fluoridation as well as supervised oral hygiene: a comparative 10-year study, 1965--1975]. Stomatol DDR 1979;29(4):282-7.

67. Berry W. A study of the incidence of mongonolism in relation to the fluoride content of water. Am. J. of Ment. Defic. 1958;62(4)(January):634-636.

68. Bhagan VU, Rajam R, Renganathan PS. Endemic fluorosis in Azhagappapuram village of Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu, India. Asian Journal of Chemistry 1996;8(3):536-538.

69. Bielinska-Tomczyk K, Borucka S, Gruszczynska K, , , , et al. The state of dentures of children depending on the fluoride content in drinking water. Czas. Stomat. 1956;9(1):1-9.

70. Binder K. [Caries and Fluoridated Drinking Water--Critical Evaluation]. Osterr Z Stomatol 1965;62:14-8.

71. Binder K. Comparison of the effects of fluoride drinking water on caries frequency and mottled enamel in three similar regions of Austria over a 10-year period. Caries Res 1973;7(2):179-83.

72. Birch S. The relative cost effectiveness of water fluoridation across communities: analysis of variations according to underlying caries levels. Community Dent Health 1990;7(1):3-10.

73. Blayney J, Tucker W. Evaston dental caries study; purpose and mechanism of study. J. Dent. Research 1948;27(June):279-286.

74. Blayney JR. A report on thirteen years of water fluoridation in Evanston, III. J Amer Dent Ass 1960;61:76-9.

75. Blayney JR, Hill IN. Evanston Dental Caries Study. Xxiv. Prenatal Fluorides--Value of Waterborne Fluorides During Pregnancy. J Am Dent Assoc 1964;69:291-4.

76. Blayney J, Hill I. Fluorine and dental caries. JADA 1967;74:233-302.

77. Blinkhorn A, Attwood D, Downer M. The effect of fluoridation on dental health of urban Scottish schoolchildren. J EpidemiolCommunity Health 1981;35:98-107.

78. Blinkhorn A, Attwood D, Gavin G. Joint epidemiological survey on dental health of 12 year old children in Dublin and Glasgow. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1992;20:307-8.

79. Bohannan HM, Graves RC, Disney JA, Stamm JW, Abernathy JB, Bader JD. Effect of secular decline in caries on the evaluation of preventive dentistry demonstrations. J Public Health Dent 1985;45(2):83-9.

80. Bolin AK, Bolin A, Jansson L, Calltorp J. Children's dental health in Europe - Sociodemographic factors associated with dental caries in groups of 5- and 12-year-old children from eight EU-countries. Swedish Dental Journal 1997;21(1-2):25-40.

81. Booth I, Mitropoulos C, Worthington H. A comparison between the dental health of 3-year olf children living in fluoridated Huddersfield and non-fluoridated Dewsbury in 1989. Community Dental Health 1991;9:151-157.

82. Borovskii EV, Kuz'mina EM, Smirnova TA, Vasina SA. [Intensity of dental caries lesions in children in relation to the fluorine content in the drinking water]. Stomatologiia Mosk 1985;64(6):7-9.

83. Bradnock G, Marchment M, Anderson R. Social background fluoridation and caries experience in 5 year old population. British Dental Journal 1984;156(Feb 25):127-131.

84. Bransby E, Forrest J. The dental condition of children in seven areas in England and Wales as shown by the base-line dental examinations made in connection with the fuoridation demonstration studies. Month Bull Min Health Gr Britain 1958;17(Feb 1958):26-34.

85. Bransby ER, Forrest JR, Mansbridge JN. Dental effects of fluoridation of water with particular reference to a study in the United Kingdom. Proc Nutr Soc 1963;22:84-91.

86. Briner A, Carmona I. Fluoracion y mortalidad en Chile. Odontolgia Chilena 1966;83:7-21.

87. Brodeur J, Simard L, Demers M, Contandriopoulos A, Tessier G, Lepage V, et al. Comparitive effects of FMR programs in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities. J Can Dent Assoc 1988;54(October):761-765.

88. Brothwell DJ, Limeback H. Fluorosis risk in grade 2 students residing in a rural area with widely varying natural fluoride. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 1999;27(2):130-136.

89. Brown H, McLaren H, Stewart B. Brantford fluoridation study - 1954 report. J Canad dent Assoc 1954(20):585.

90. Brown H, McLaren H, Josie G, Steward B. The Brantford-Stratford Fluoridation Caries Study - 1955 Report. Canadian Dental Association Journal 1956;22(4):207-216.

91. Brown H. The Brandford-Sarnia-Stratford fluoridation caries study. Canadian Dental Association Journal 1960;26:131.

92. Brown HK. The Brantford-Sarnia-Stratford fluoridation caries study--1961 report. Canad J Public Health 1962;53:401-8.

93. Brown H, Poplove M. The dental effects of naturally fluoridated water at Ingersoll, Ontario. Cana J Publ Health 1964;55(2):60-69.

94. Brown HK, Poplove M. The Brantford-Sarnia-Stratford Fluoridation Caries Study: Final Survey, 1963. J Canad D A 1965;31(8):505-511.

95. Brown H, Poplove M. The Brantford-Sarnia-Stratford Fluoridation Caries Study: Final Survey, 1963. Can J Pub Health 1965;56(8):319-324.

96. Bruce H, Gunter B. Study of effect on teeth of intemittant fluoridation of community water supply. J Dent Res 1953;32(February):35-45.

97. Brunelle J. Recent trends in dental caries in U.S. children and the effect of water fluoridation. J Dent Res 1990;69:723-727.

98. Brutsman B. Impact of exposure to fluoride-adequate water on root surface caries in elderly. Gerodontics 1986;2(December):203-207.

99. Bull F. Control of dental caries by addition of fluorides to public water supplies. JADA 1950;41(August):146-151.

100. Bunch G. Results of ten year post fluoridation survey. South Carolina Dental Journal 1964;22(March):7-11.

101. Bundock JB, Graham JR, Morin PJ. Fluorides Water Fluoridation and Environmental Quality a Retrospective Study. In: Majumdar SE, Miller EE, editors. Solid and liquid wastes management, methods and socioeconomic considerations. Easton, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Academy of Science, 1984:207-220.

102. Burger P, Cleaton Jones P, du Plessis J, de Vries J. Comparison of two fluorosis indices in the primary dentition of Tswana children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1987;15(2):95-7.

103. Fluoride in drinking water and the occurrence of Down's syndrome. VIII Conference of ISFR; 1977.

104. Burkoff T. On endemic fluorosis and exogenous fluoridation in Bulgaria. Schweiz. Mschr. Zahnheilk. 1955;65(8):812-816.

105. Burt B, Isamil A, Eklund S. Root caries in an optimally fluoridated and high-fluoride community. J Dent Res 1986;65:1154-1158.

106. Burt B, Eklund S, Loesche W. Dental benefits of limited exposure to fluoridated water in childhood. J Dent Res 1986;61(11):1322-1325.

107. Busse H, Bermann E, Bergmann K. Fluoride and dental caries: two difference statistical approached to the same data source. Statistics in medicine 1987;6:823-42.

108. Butler WJ, Segreto V, Collins E. Prevalence of dental mottling in school-aged lifetime residents of 16 Texas communities. Am J Public Health 1985;75(12):1408-12.

109. Buttner W, Henschler D, Patz J. [Caries prevention through fluoride intake. Fluoride in blood and saliva following administration in drinking water and tablets]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1973;98(15):751-6.

110. Cantor K, Hoover R, Mason T, McCabe L. Associations of cancer mortlity with halomethanes in drinking water. JNCI 1978;61:979-85.

111. Cantor H, Hoover R, Hartge P, Mason T, Silverman D, Altman R, et al. Bladder cancer, drinking water source and tap water consumption: a case-control study. JNCI 1987;79:1269-79.

112. Carlier G, Goudaert M, Dieulouard J. Fluorine and teeth. Investigations induced by a local focus of fluorosis. Presse Med 1958;66/71:1593-1595.

113. Carmichael C, Rugg-Gunn A, French A, Cranage J. The effect of fluoridation upon the relationship between caries experience and social class in 5-year old children in Newcastle and Northumberland levels. British Dental Journal 1980;150:9-12.

114. Carmichael, French, Rugg-Gunn, Furness. The relationship between social class and caries experience in five year old children in Newcastle and Northumberland after 12 years fluoridation. Community Dental Health 1984;1:47-54.

115. Carmichael C, Rugg-Gunn A, Ferrell R. The relationship between fluoridation, social class and caries experience in 5 year old children in Newcastle and Northumberland in 1987. Br Dent J 1989;167:57-61.

116. Carr L. Fuoridation in Canberra, III. Dental caries after ten years. Austrailian Dental Journal 1976;21 (5)(October):440-444.

117. Carr S, Dooland M, Roder D. Fluoridation II; an interim economic analysis. Aust Dent J 1980;25(6):343-348.

118. Cauley J, Murphy P, Riley T, Black D. Public health bonus of water fluoridation: Does fluoridation prevent ostoporosis and its related fractures? American Journal of Epidemiology 1991;134:768.

119. Cauley J, Murphy P, Riley T, Buhari A. Effects of fluoridated drinking water on bone mass and fractures: the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Min Res 1995;10(7):1076-86.

120. Cavaliere R, Vantini A. [Study of the Behavior of Dental Caries in the Inhabitants of 2 Territories of S. Ambrogio Di Valpolicella (Verona) With Drinking Water Containing Various Amounts of Fluorine]. Fracastoro 1963;56:423-30.

121. CDC. Water Fluoridation and Costs of Medicaid Treatment for Dental Decay - Louisiana 1995-1996. MMWR 1999;48(34 (September)):753-757.

122. Cepek L, Danek J, Hanusova S, Parma C. Fluorosis in Czechoslovakia. Casop.lek.cesk 1950;89(August 11):883-889.

123. Challacombe SJ. Does fluoridation harm immune function? Community Dent Health 1996;13 Suppl 2:69-71.

124. Chegwin AE. Favourable results of fluoridation in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. Canad J Public Health 1961;52:10-3.

125. Chen B. An epidemiological study on dental fluorosis and dental caries prevalence in communities with negligible, optimal and above-optimal fluoride concentrations in drinking water supplies. Chni Dent J 1989;8:117-27.

126. Chen W, Xu R, Chen G, Zao J, Chen J, Institution: health and Epidemic Prevention Station of Guangdong Province G. Changes in the prevalence of endemic fluorosis after changing water sources in two villages in Guangdong, China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1993;51(4):479-482.

127. Chilvers C. Cancer mortality by site and fluoridated water supplies. J Epidemiol Community Health 1982;36:237-42.

128. Chilvers C. Cancer mortality and fluoridation of water supplies in 35 USA cities. Int J Epidemiol 1983;12(4):397-404.

129. Chilvers C, Conway D. Cancer mortality in England in relation to levels of naturally occurring fluoride in water supplies. J Epidemiol Comm Health 1985;39:44-7.

130. Chlebna Sokol D. [Changes in fluoride levels in the blood serum and urine of children with mottled enamel]. Przegl Lek 1989;46(12):793-7.

131. Chrietzberg J, Lewis F. An evaluation of caries prevalence after five years of fluoridation. Am.Dent.Ass. 1958;56 (2)(February):192-193.

132. Clark DC, Hann HJ, Williamson MF, Berkowitz J. Aesthetic Concerns of Children and Parents in Relation to Different Classifications of the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 1993;21(6):360-364.

133. Clark DC. Evaluation of aesthetics for the different classifications of the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1995;23(2):80-3.

134. Clark DC, Hann HJ, Williamson MF, Berkowitz J. Effects of lifelong consumption of fluoridated water or use of fluoride supplements on dental caries prevalence. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1995;23(1):20-4.

135. Clark DC, Berkowitz J. The influence of various fluoride exposures on the prevalence of esthetic problems resulting from dental fluorosis. J Public Health Dent 1997;57(3):144-9.

136. Clarkson J, O'Mullane D. A modified DDE Index for Use in Epidemiological Studies of Enamel defects. J Dent Res 1989;68(3):445-450.

137. Clarkson JJ, O'Mullane DM. Prevalence of enamel defects-fluorosis in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas in Ireland. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1992;20(4):196-199.

138. Clawson M, Khalifah E, Perks A. Chronic endemic dental fluorosis. Am Dent A 1940;27:1569-1575.

139. Clemmesen J. Alleged association between artificial fluoridation of water supplies and cancer: review. Bull. WHO 1983;61(5):871-883.

140. Cohen A, Soricelli DA, Ship, II. The Effects of Fluoridation On Dental Caries in Philadelphia Public School Children 1954-1964. Pa Dent J (Harrisb) 1965;32:47-55.

141. Cohn P. A brief report on the association of drinking water fluoridation and the incidence of osteosarcoma. Trenton: New Jersey Department of Health, Environmental Health Service, Trenton, 1992.

142. Cohn P. An epidemiological report on drinking water. Trenton: New Jersey Department of Health, Environmental Health Service, Trenton, 1992.

143. Colquhoun J. The influence of social rank and fluoridation on dental treatment requirements. New Zealand Dental Journal 1977;73:146-148.

144. Colquhoun J. Disfiguring dental fluorosis in Aukland, New Zealand. Fluoride 1984;17:234-242.

145. Colquhoun J. Influence of social class and fluoridation on child dental health. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1985;13:37-41.

146. Colquhoun J, Mann R. The Hastings fluoridation experiment: Science or swindle? The Ecologist 1986;16:243-8.

147. Colquhoun J, Mann R. Hastings fluoridation: postscript. The Ecologist 1987;17:125-6.

148. Colquhoun J. Child dental health differences in New Zealand. Community Health Studies 1987;11:85-90.

149. Colquhuon J. Fluoridation: new evidence of harm to young teeth and old bones. Int Clin Nutr Rev 1992;12:1-26.

150. Connor RA. Dental effects of waterfluoridation. First report on fluoridation in Brandon, Manitoba. Med Serv J Canada 1961;7:655-61.

151. Connor RA. Fluoridation of the Municipal Water Supply in Brandon, Manitoba (Second Report). Can J Public Health 1963;54:539-47.

152. Cook-Mozaffari P, Doll R. Fluoridation of Water Supplies and Cancer Mortality 2. Mortality Trends After Fluoridation. J Epidemiol Community Health 1981;35(4):233-238.

153. Cook-Mozaffari P, Bulusu L, Doll R. Fluoridation of water supplies and cancer mortality 1: a search for and effect in the UK on risk of death from cancer. J Epidemiol Comm Health 1981;35:227-32.

154. Cook-Mozaffari P. Cancer and Fluoridation. Community Dental Health 1996;13 Supplement 2(Supplement 2):56-62.

155. Cooper C, Wickham C, Lacey R, Barker D. Water fluoride concentration and fracture of the proximal femur. J Epidemiol Community Health 1990;44:17-19.

156. Cooper C, Wickham C, Barker D, Jacobsen S. Water fluoridation and hip fracture. JAMA 1991;266:513-514.

157. Correia Sampaio F, Ramm von der Fehr F, Arneberg P, Petrucci Gigante D, Hatloy A. Dental fluorosis and nutritional status of 6- to 11-year-old children living in rural areas of Paraiba, Brazil. Caries Res 1999;33(1):66-73.

158. Cortes DF, Ellwood RP, Omullane DM, Bastos JRD. Drinking water fluoride levels, dental fluorosis, and caries experience in Brazil. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 1996;56(4):226-228.

159. Costache A. [Is the fluridation of water free of harmful effects?]. Inform Med 1961;43:1403-16.

160. Creighton WE, Savage J, Witter DM. Effect of Fluoridated Water in Schools Upon Dental Caries Susceptibility. Public Health Rep 1964;79:778-80.

161. Crooks E, Konikoff A. A twenty year study of the effectiveness of fluoridation in the Richmond water supply. Virginia Dental Journal 1972;49(December (6)):24-26.

162. Cutress T, Suckling G, Pearce E. Defects in tooth enamel in children in fluoridated and non-fluoridated water areas of the Aukland Region. NZ Dent J 1985;81:12-19.

163. Daniel H. Stapedial otosclerosis and fluorine in the drinking water. Arch Otolaryngol 1969;90:69.

164. Daniel H. Fluoride and clinical otosclerosis. Arch Otolaryngol 1973;98:327.

165. Danielson C, Lyon JL, Egger M, Goodenough GK. Hip fractures and fluoridation in Utah's elderly population. Jama 1992;268(6):746-748.

166. Dasarathy S, Das TK, Gupta IP, Susheela AK, Tandon RK. Gastroduodenal manifestations in patients with skeletal fluorosis. J GASTROENTEROL. Journal of Gastroenterology 1996;31(3):333-337.

167. Daver M. Fluorosis in endemic form in hyperabad state. Indian M. Gaz 1945;80(July):332-336.

168. Day T, Powell-Jackson P. Fluoride, water hardness, and endemic goitre. Lancet 1972;1(1135-1138).

169. de Crousaz P. [Observations on enamel opacities in Switzerland in relation to water or salt fluoridation]. SSO Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnheilkd 1982;92(4):332-44.

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