Методическое пособие Рекомендуется Учебно-методическим объединением по медицинскому и фармацевтическому образованию вузов России в качестве учебного пособия для студентов 3 курса стоматологического факультета медицинских вузов. Умо
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01. Note changes in the nerve in disorder of its integrity: а) the peripheral part of the nerve regenerates, but the proximal part degenerates b) the proximal part of the nerve regenerates, but the distal part one degenerates 02. A marked denervation syndrome develops in result: а) dissociation of the nervous system with organs and tissues b) dissociation of the cerebral cortex with the subcortical centres c) partial decortication 03. What manifestations are characteristic for the central paralyses? а) preservation of voluntary movements, absence of tendon reflexes, an atrophy of muscles b) increase of a muscle, strengthening of tendon reflexes, loss of voluntary movements, development of pathological reflexes 04. What manifestations are characteristic for peripheral paralyses? а) strengthening of spinal reflexes, development of pathological reflexes, hypertonus of muscles b) hypertrophy, muscular hypotonia, hypo-, areflexia 05. Substances stimulating nociceptive endings: а) Н + ions, K+ ions, histamine, bradycinin b) endorphin, encephalin 06. What types of fibres of peripheral nerves provide with «painful impulsation»? а) fibres A- alpha, fibres A-бета, fibres A- gamma b) fibres A-delta, fibres of group C 07. Mediators of the antynociceptive system are the following: а) serotonin b) endorphin c) dinorphine d) substance Р 08. Severe myasthenia is not typical in case of: а) excessive accumulation of acetylcholine in synaptic gap b) increase of muscular fatigue c) onset of antibodies to a receptor of acetylcholine in blood d) decrease of number acetylcholine receptors in nervous - muscular junction 09. That is not typical for botulismic intoxication: а) muscular weakness b) paresis of intestines c) presence of antibodies to receptors of acetylcholine in blood d) decrease of discharge of acetylcholine from the endings of motor nerves Section 14 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ^ 01. Hyperfunction of a thyroid gland can have an autoimmune etiology? а) yes b) no 02. What changes are characteristic for Addison’s disease? а) decrease of volume blood circulation and dehydration, decrease of arterial blood pressure, fatigue and muscular weakness, hypoglycemia b) edema, tachycardia, accumulation of Na+, loss of K+ in organism 03. What are etiological factors of diabetes of type I: а) a virus infection, genetic predisposition, destruction of β-cells of Langerhans islands by antibodies b) decrease of quantity of receptors to insulin, overeating, accompanied with obesity, reduction of sensitivity of receptors to insulin 04. An increase of a thyroid gland stresses the fact of hyperfunction? а) yes b) no 05. Choose a condition which is not accompanied by hyperglicemia а) acromegaly b) inculinoma c) Itsenko-Cushing syndrome 06. Hyperthyreoidism is characterised by the following features: а) decrease of concentration of Са2 + in plasma of blood, increase of phosphates in plasma of blood, tetany b) decrease of concentration of Са2 + in plasma of blood, softening of a bone tissue (osteomalacia) 07. What endocrine glands are regulated by transhypophysis mechanism? а) thyroid gland, cortex of adrenal glands b) adrenal medulla 08. What conditions can occur in case of hyperproduction of somatotropic hormone? а) pituitary obesity b) acromegaly, giantism c) Adisson’s disease 09. Excessive production of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) leads to strengthening of secretion: а) androgenic corticosteroids, corticosterone, cortisone, aldosterone b) noradrenaline, adrenaline Section 15 ^ Choose the right answer 01. How does the intensity of functioning of hypertrophied cardiomyocytes in a phase of stable compensation change? а) increases b) decreases up to the norm c) progressively fall 02. How will a comparative surface of a muscular fibre change in a hypertrophied myocardium? а) will decrease б) will increase 03. What factor does not participate in formation of an edema in a stagnant heart insufficiency ? а) increase of hydrostatic pressure in a venous part of capillaries b) increase of aldosterone and vasopressine of blood c) decrease of aldosterone and vasopresine of blood d) depletion of auricular natriumuretic hormone e) dynamic lymphatic insufficiency 04. Choose neurohumoral systems whose activation leads to the rise of blood pressure in arterial hypertension: а) activation of renin-angiotensine system in the kidneys and tissues б) activation of prostaglandin-kinine system in the kidneys в) increase of production of Nа-uretic factor 05. What changes of the given findings show the left heart insufficiency? а) system arterial pressure, pulse pressure b) central venous pressure, pressure in capillaries of a lung artery 06. Exclude the factor which is not important in the mechanism of ischemic damage of the myocardium: а) activation of phospholipases b) activation of lipid peroxidation с) activation of glycogenеsis d) increase of concentration of calcium ions in cytoplasm of cardiomiocytes e) damage of mitochondrions 07. Choose changes of biochemical parameters of blood for an acute heart attack : а) decrease of activity of lactat degydrogenase, decrease of content of a lactic acid b) increase of activity of creatinphosphokinase, increase of content of prothrombine, increase of activity of aspartat amynotransferase, lactat degydrogenase 08. Exclude a parameter of hemograme, which is not characteristic for an acute heart attack: а) lymphopenia b) leukopenia c) neutrophylic leucocytosis with shift to the left 09. Choose pathogenetic factors of development of heart arrhythmias: а) deficiency of ATP in the cells of the myocardium b) loss of potassium ions by cardiomiocytes c) accumulation of Ca2+ ions in sarcoplasm and mitochondrions d) endocellular acidosis in cardiomiocytes e) all the factors are correct Section 16 ^ Choose the right answer 01. Does decreased excitement of the respiratory centre lead to Cheyne-Stokes respiration? а) yes b) no 02. Stenosis of the throat leads to the following type of respiration? а) deep bradypnoea with difficult inspiration b) Biot’s respiration 03. What is the initial and main link in pathogenesis of respiratory distress syndrome in adults? а) increased permeability of vessels in the lungs b) increased shunting of blood 04. In case of excitement of the respiratory centre the following type of respiration develops: а) Kussmaul's respiration
05. Coma accompanied by Kussmaul's respiration was developed in the patient with diabetes. What kind of coma is it? а) hypoglycemic b) ketoacidotic 06. At inspiratory breathlessness is not observed in case of: а) Ist stage of asphyxia b) emphysema of the lungs c) edema of the throat d) stenosis of the trachea e) closed pneumothorax 07. Expiratory breathlessness is not observed in case of the following pathological process: а) emphysema of the lungs b) edema of the throat c) attacks of bronchial asthma 08. Which of the following disorders underlies alveolar hypoventilation, which develops in frequent superficial respiration? а) impaired diffusive properties of alveolo-capillary membranes b) increased functional dead space 09. What are the main characteristics of respiration in case of inspiratory breathlessness? а) deep b) difficult and prolonged inspiration 10. In case of expiratory breathlessness the respiration is: а) difficult and prolonged exspiration b) difficult the inspiration and the expiration 11. Which of the following types of respiration corresponds to periodic type of breath? а) apneustic b) Biot's respiration Section 17 ^ Choose the right answer 01. In what condition simple hypovolemia is observed? а) after an acute blood loss in 30-40 min b) overheating of the body 02. In what condition is polycytemic hypervolemia not observed? а) after an acute blood loss on the 4 th or 5 th day b) erythremia ( Vakes’s disease), c) chronic mountain disease 03. What changes of hematologic findings are not observed in 6-8 day after an acute blood loss? а) moderate hypochromia of erythrocyte (colour index 0,9 –0,8) b) neutrophilic leukocytosis with nuclear shift to the left c) normochromia of erythrocytes (colour index 0,9-1,1) 04. What changes of hematologic findings are not typical for chronic posthemorrhagic anemia? а) increased colour index b) microanisocytosis and poikilocytosis of erythrocytes c) decreased colour index 05. Which of the following anemia can be related to regenerative а) acute posthaemorhagic anemia b) В12-folic deficiency anemia 06. High –grade hypochromia of erythrocytes is not characteristic for the following anemia: а) chronic posthaemorrhagic anemia b) В12 -deficiency anemia c) hereditary sideroblastic anemia 07. Megaloblastic type of hemopoiesis is observed in case of? а) thalassemia A b) aplastic anemia c) В12- folic deficiency anemia connected with diphyllobothriasis 08. Is treatment with iron drugs shown in hereditary sideroblastic anemia? а) yes b) no 09. Microcytosis of erythrocytes is not characteristic for: а) acute posthaemorrhagic anemia b) chronic posthaemorrhagic anemia c) iron deficiency anemia d) Minkowsky-Shauffard disease 10. The following feature is not characteristic for В12 - folic deficiency anemia: а) hypochromia of erythrocytes b) macrocytosis c) megaloblastic type of hemopoiesis d) presence of erythrocytes with Zholly’s corpuscles and Kabo’s rings in blood 11. Is there a rhesus incompatibility in case of mother’s rhesus – negative and fetus rhesus - positive? а) yes b) no 12. The reason for hypoplastic anemia is following: а) resection of the stomach b) ionizing radiation 13. Factors which play an essential role in pathogenesis of В12- folic deficiency anemia are the following: а) insufficiency of haemoglobin in erythrocytes b) disturbance of synthesis of DNA in nuclei of erythroblasts 14. An increased colour index is not found in case of: а) Addison-Biermer anemia b) diphyllobothriasis c) iron deficiency anemia 17.2. Pathophysiology of white blood system Choose the right answer 01. What disease is not accompanied by eosinophilia? а) polynosis b) echinococcosis of the liver c) bacterial pneumonia d) allergic rhinitis 02. What disease is not accompanied by development of monocytosis? а) measles b) myocardial infarction c) infectious mononucleosis d) roseola 03. What change of peripheral blood is not typical for an acute myeloblastic leucosis? а) onset of blast cells b) onset of promyelocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes c) absence of promyelocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes d) anemia and thrombocytemia 04. What change in peripheral blood is not characteristic for acute lymphoblastic leucosis? а) onset of blast cells b) promyelocytes, myelocytes in blood c) anemia and thrombocytopenia 05. What change in peripheral blood is not characteristic for neutrophilic leucocytosis with regenerative nuclear shift to the left? а) neutrophilia which is accompanied by increased percentage of stab [band] neutrophils b) onset of neutrophylic metamyelocytes in blood c) onset of solitary promyelocytes in blood d) decrease of comparative content of lymphocytes in blood 06. What disease is pancytosis characteristic for (increase of erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes in blood)? а) chronic myeloid leucosis b) chronic lymphoid leucosis c) erythremia (Vakes’s disease) 07. Is an acute appendicitis is accompanied by neutrophilic leucocytosis? а) yes b) no 08. Is it an absolute lymphocytosis, it there are 10х109/l of leukocytes and 50% of lymphocytes in a leucocytic formula? а) yes b) no 09. Does leucocytosis always accompany a chronic inflammation? а) yes b) no 10. Is leucopenia characteristic for agranulocytosis? а) yes b) no Section 18 ^ Choose the right answer 01. What are the conditions for thromboresistance of a vascular wall? а) synthesis of tissue plasminogen activator, activation of the system of anticoagulants, synthesis of prostacyclin, binding of thrombin with thrombomodulin. b) excretion of tissue thromboplastin, synthesis of Willebrand’s factor, activation of thrombin receptors 02. Vascular thrombocyte hemostasis can be broken due to: а) decrease of quantity of thrombocytes, disorder of thrombocyte function, hereditary angiopathy, deficiency to Willebrand’s factor, absence of thrombocytes receptors to Willebrand’s factor on a membrane b) deficiency of the VIIIth factor on a membrane, expression of receptors to fibrinogen on a membrane of thrombocytes, deficiency of the XIIth factor 03. Lysis of a blood clot is carried out by: а) plasmin b) antithrombin III c) heparin 04. Is development of hemorrhagic syndrome characteristic for hypercoagulation? а) yes b) no 05. Development of hemorrhagic syndrome can be due to: а) increase of procoagulants b) increase of heparin c) increase of thrombocytes 06. Development of bleedings in DIC-syndrome is due to: а) activation of plasminogen system, increased consumption of procoagulants, thrombocytopenia of consumption b) increased excretion of tissue thromboplastine, consumption of fibrinogen 07. Disturbance of secondary (coagulative) hemostasis is typical for the following diseases: а) cirrhosis of the liver, hemophilia b) thrombocytopenia, hemorrhagic vasculitis 08. What substances belong to anticoagulants? а) antythrombin III, heparin b) kallidin, proconvertin, thromboxane А2 09. How is primary hemostasis called? а) vascular-thrombocytic b) coagulation Section 19 ^ Choose the right answer 01. How does an activity of pepsin in hypoacidic condition change? a) decreases b) increases c) does not change 02. How is absence of enzymes and a hydrochloric acid in gastric juice called? а) achlorhydria b) acholia c) achilia 03. What changes does an excessive increase of a tone of parasympathetic nerves in stomach lead to? а) decrease of formation of slime, increase of secretion of gastric juice, increase of excretion of hystamine, hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid b) increase of formation of slime, decrease of excretion of histamine, hyposecretion of hydrochloric acid 04. What factors do participate in pathogenesis of the heartburn: а) hiatus in cardia, gastroesophagial reflux b) decrease of acidity of gastric juice, decrease of sensitivity of receptors of oesophagus 05. What conditions do lead to aggravation of peristalsis of intestine? а) achilia, inflammation in a gastrointestinal tract¸ increased excitability of receptors of an intestinal wall б) decrease of a tone of parasympathetic nerves on cellulose food. 06. What does the presence of steatorhea and a plenty of muscular fibres in faeces masses after consumption of meat and fat food prove? а) pancreatic achilia, acholia b) hypersecretion of a gastric juice, increase of secretion of pancreatic juice 07. What substances do cause the development of intestinal autointoxication? а) putrescine, scatol b) putrescine, scatol, cadaverine, phenol c) all the substances 08. Can a sharp intestinal impassability develop a painful shock? а) yes b) no 09. What diseases cause disturbance of cavity digestion? а) mechanical jaundice, chronic pancreatitis, duodenitis б) lactase insufficiency, glutein enteropathy 10. What are the causes of disturbance of membrane digestion? а) damage of the structure and ultra structure of the wall of a small intestine, damage of a fermental layer on the surface of an intestinal wall, disturbance of motor and secretory functions of a small intestine b) resection of 25 % of a small intestine, acute pancreatitis Section 20 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF the LIVER Choose the right answer 01. Can hypovitaminosis A, D, Е and K be developed in case of disturbance of the liver function? а) yes b) no 02. Is development of haemorrhagic syndrome in hepatic insufficiency due to disturbance of protein synthetic function of the liver? а) yes b) no 03. Are syndromes of cholemia and acholia due to cholestasis? а) yes b) no 04. Is hypoglicemia characteristic for a hepatic jaundice? а) yes b) no 05. Does acholia syndrome appear in hemolytic jaundice? yes b) no 06. Is the syndrome of cholemia characteristic for mechanical jaundices? а) yes b) no 07. Is the syndrome of cholemia characteristic for hemolytic jaundice? а) yes b) no 08. Do the following symptoms: muscular weakness, hypoglicemia, decrease of melanin in blood develop in the dogs after the total exterpation of the liver during the first hours? а) yes b) no 09. Syndrome of cholestasis is not characteristic for jaundice: а) hepatic jaundice b) mechanical jaundice c) hemolytic jaundice 10. What pigments do produce dark color of urine in mechanical jaundice? а) conjugate bilirubin b) unconjugate blirubin c) urobilin d) stercobilin Section 21 ^ Сhoose the right answer 01. What findings are characteristic for disturbance of renal tubules? а) aminoaciduria, isostenuria, nonselective proteinuria, decrease of secretion of Н + ions and ammonium b) presence of leached erithrocytes in the urine, decrease of creatinine clearance. 02. What are the mechanisms of glucosuria? а) blocking of enzymes of phosphorylation in an epithelium, structural damages of proximal tubules, exessive amount of glucose in blood (> 10 mmol/l) b) increase of filtrational pressure in renal tubules, increase of permeability of capillaries of renal tubules 03. What are the main mechanisms of decrease of renal tubular filtration? а) decrease of arterial blood pressure less than 60 mm Hg, disturbance of the outflow of initial urine, increase of colloid-osmotic pressure of blood plasma, decrease of number of functioning nephrons b) decrease of reabsorbtion of sodium ions in renal tubules, decreas of activity of enzymes of renal tubular epithelium 04. What disturbances of homeostasis are characteristic for polyurie stage of an acute renal insufficiency? а) dehydration of the body, hypoglicemia, development of immunodeficiency b) increasing azotemia, concentration of urea less than 6,6 mmol/l 05. What are the leading links of pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome in renal diseases: а) decrease of oncotic pressure of blood plasma, disturbance of reabsorbtion of protein in renal tubules, disturbance of permeability of glomerular filter, massive proteinuria b) secondary aldosteronism, hypoproteinemia 06. What disorders can be caused by hereditary defects of enzymes of renal tubules? а) hemoglobinuria, urobilinuria b) aminacyduria, hyperphosphaturia, glucosuria, Fankoni’s syndrome 07. Polyuria can be caused by the lack of: а) somatotropic hormone, adrenaline, oxytocin b) vasopresin, aldosterone Section 22 ^ Choose the right answer 01. What conditions are called extreme? а) uraemic coma, diabetic coma, traumatic shock, collapse b) immunodeficiency conditions, hyperhydration, hypervolemia 02. What are the most typical consequences of prolonged pathological stress? а) anemias, hypertrophy of adenohypophysis, allergic reactions b) hypotrophia and dystrophia of a cortical layer of adrenal glands, suppression of humoral and cellular parts of immunity, erosion of a mucous membrane of the stomach and intestine, arterial hypertension 03. The following changes are characteristic for the 1st stage of the common adaptable syndrome : а) increased size of thymus and lymph nodes, depletion of the function of adrenal glands cortex b) activation of adrenal glands cortex, decreased size of thymus and lymph nodes 04. Choose the correct sequence of stages of stress - reaction: а) stage of resistence – stage of depletion- alarm reaction b) alarm reaction – stage of resistence – stage of depletion c) stage of resistence – alarm reaction -stage of depletion d) alarm reaction - stage of depletion- stage of resistence e) stage of depletion – alarm reaction - stage of resistence 05. What stage of stress - reaction does the hypertrophy of adrenal glands develop into? а) stage of alarm reaction b) stage of resistence c) stage of depletion 06. Does the system of opioid peptids refer to stress limiting systems? а) yes b) no 07. What manifestations characterize torpid phase of a shock? а) tachycardia, arterial hypertension, motive and speech excitement, hyperreflexia b) weaking of effects of symphato-аdrenal and hypophysis-adrenal systems, decrease of heart emission, deposition of blood, arterial hypoxemia, oliguria 08. What changes of nervous and endocrine systems are characteristic for erectile stage of shock? а) decrease of activity of sympatho-аdrenal system, decrease of activity of hypothalamo-pituitary system, dormancy of the patient, b) activation of sympatho - аdrenal system, activation of hypothalamo-pituitary system, excitement of a patient 09. What changes of nervous and endocrine systems are characteristic for torpid stage of a shock? а) decrease of activity of sympatho-аdrenal system, decrease of activity of hypothalamo-pituitary system, hyporeflexia, retardation of the of the patient b) activation of sympathyo-аdrenal system, activation of hypothalamo-pituitary system, exitement of a patient, hyperreflexia 10. Reasons for coma are the following: а) autointoxication with products of metabolism and disintegration of substances, deficiency of necessary substrates of metabolism, exsogenic intoxications, endocrinopathies b) extracellular hyperhydration, normoosmolar hypervolemia, hypolipidemia Questions “ Patholgy of facial-mandibular area” 1. What general principles of anesthesia are used in stomatology? а) psychological influence b) surgical methods c) physical methods (acupuncture, electroacupuncture, electroanalgesia) d) pharmacological e) all the mentioned above. 2. What playns the leading role in pathogenesis of a sharp pain of odontogenous aetiology а) inflammation b) damage of a trigeminal nerve 3. What is a starting mechanism of a painful syndrome in a trigeminal nerve neuralgia? а) demyelonization of sensory roots fibres at its entry into the brain stem b) caries 4. The basic pathogenetic factors of trigeminal nerve neuritis are the following а) toxic, metabolic or vascular changes in a nerve against a background of a chronic inflammation b) a nerve degeneration c) a compression of a nerve or it’s roots d) all the mentioned above. 5. What are nonspecific factors of the oral cavity resistance? а) the unaffected mucous membrane b) system of phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) c) ability of cells of mucous membrane desqamation and mechanical removal of infectious organism d) washing out action of saliva f) lysozyme е) all the mentioned above 6. What are specific factors of the oral cavity resistance? а) immunoglobulin of grouh A b immunoglobulin of grouh Е c) ) interferons. 7. What are the manifestations of immunodeficiency state in the oral cavity ? а) increased formation of a dental deposit b) formation of dental tartar c) caries d) chronic stomatitis f) all the listed conditions. 8.What type of allergic reaction do anaphylactic shock and Quincke’s edema refer to? а) reagin type (I) b) immune complex type (II) c) cytotoxic type (III) d) cell – mediated type (IV) 9. What of the given diseases proceed according to cell – mediated type (IV type) a) allergic cheilitis b) allergic stomatitis c) allergic glossitis d) plastic and metal dentures intolerance e) all the mentioned above 10. What are functional disturbances in a mucous membrane of the oral cavity in cardio-vascular system diseases? a) microcirculation disturbance b) decrease of oxidation-reduction reactions c) development of hypoxia d) disturbance of tongue sensitivity e) all the mentioned disturbances 11. What are functional disturbances in a mucous membrane of oral cavity in a stomach and intestines diseases? a) hyposalivation b) mucous ulceration (aphtaes) c) increase of plaque formation on the tongue d) all the mentioned disturbances 12. What functional disturbances in an oral cavity in case of diabetes? a) decreased capillaries resistance b) increased capillaries permeability c) decreased salivation d) decreased gustatory sensitivity e) increased concentration of glucose in saliva f) increased formation of plaque on a tongue and a teeth j) all the mentioned disturbances 13. What are functional disturbances in the oral cavity in thyrotoxicosis a) disorder of sensitivity (burning of a mucous membrane) b) decreased gustatory sensitivity glossitis c) all the mentioned disturbances 14. What are the basic mechanisms of pathological influence of metal inclusions in the oral cavity on surrounding tissues? a) electrogalvanic b) toxicochemical c) allergic d) all the mentioned mechanisms. 15. What does value hypersalivation cause to digestion? a) neutralization of gastric juice b) swallowing disoder c) intestinal atony 16. What importans has hyposalivation for digestion? a) causes infringement of swallowing b) promotes development of processes of rotting and unrest in a stomach c) causes reduction of bactericidal function of a stomach 17. What are typical forms of salivary glands pathology? a) sialoadenitis b) sialosis c) sialoschesis d) xerostomia e) all the mentioned forms 18. What plays the leading role in pathogenesis of sialoadenitis? a) infection b) allergy c) trauma 19. What plays the leading role in pathogenesis of sialosis? a) allergic damage of salivary glands b) hormonal influence on function of salivary glands c) neurogenic effect d) alimentary factors e) all the mentioned factors 20. What ions are discharged with saliva into the oral cavity a) sodium b) potassium c) phosphorus d) calcium e) chloride f) carbonate g) all the mentioned ions 21. Saturation of a saliva with ions of calcium and phosphorus is necessary for a) for "maturation" and hardening of enamel structure after eruption b) formations of a protective coat of a tooth (pellicula) c) neutralizations of organic acids d) formation of an electric charge on a tooth e)for all the processes 22. Acidity in the oral cavity influences a) neutralizing properties of saliva b) mineralizing properties of saliva c) activity of the oral microflora d) gradient and speed of ion-exchange processes e) all the processes 23. pH value of the mixed saliva is typical for disorder of acid-base balance of 1-st type a) 8.0 b) 7.0 c) 6.76 24. pH value of the mixed saliva is typical for disorder of acid-base balance of 2-nd type a) 6.0 b) 7.0 c) 6.8 25. What is a critical pH level of mixed saliva when demineralization of enamels occurs? a) 5.7 b) 7.0 c) 6.76 26. Artificial influence on acid-base balance in the oral cavity for acid normalization means a) influence on oral microflora for suppression of acidotic properties b) influence on increase of salivation c) restriction of carbohydrates in a diet d) saturation of enamel with calcium, fluorine and phosphates e) all the mentioned 27. What are peculiarities of mucous membrane bleeding from the oral cavity due to hemostasis damage? a) bleeding without any associated inflammatory processes b) gum bleeding from great number of points without any damage c) hematomas arise easily without trauma of the mucous membrane d) all specified features. 28. What manifestations usually develop with a hyperplastic syndrome in leucosis in the oral cavity? a) gum’s hyperplasia b) regional lymphadenitis c) pains in a teeth and jaws d) all the specified symptoms 29. What are the symptoms of erythremia (Vakes’s disease) in the tissues of the oral cavity? a) cyanotic, cherry-color of lips b) cyanosis of the soft palate c) pale color of the mucous membrane of the soft palate d) all the specified symptoms 30. What are the symptoms for development of hemorrhagic syndrome in leukemia in oral cavity? a) stomatorrhagia on slightest injury b)haemorrhage on a mucous membrane of cheeks and tongue on the line of joining teeth c) all the specified symptoms 31. What syndrome develops in the oral cavity in Addison-Birmer’s disease? a) Gunter’s syndrome b) hemorrhagic syndrome c) hyperplastic syndrome 32. Name typical symptoms of iron- deficiency anemia a) an atrophy of a mucous membrane of the oral cavity b) abnormal gustatory sensitivity c) glositis d) increased tongue e) enamel of a teeth loses shine f) increased wearing out of teeth g) all the given symptoms 33. What clinical presentations can develop in idiopathic microcytic hypochromic anemia? a) dry tongue and papilla atrophy b) dysphagia c) glositis
34. The following changes are typical for agranulocytosis in the oral cavity a) ulcerous-necrotic process on lips, gums, a mucous membrane of cheeks which is not accompanying by an inflammatory reaction tissues, surrounding necrotic foci b) ulcerous-necrotic process on lips, gums, a mucous membrane of cheeks which is accompanying by an inflammatory reaction tissues, surrounding necrotic foci 35. Name etiological agents of development of sensitivity disorders in the oral cavity (burning syndrome ) a) deficiency of food elements (iron, folic acid, vitamins of B group) b) diabetes c) dental artificial prosthesis d) mucous membranes infection (candidal flora) e) xerostomia f) psychological factors (depression, cancerophobia) g) an allergy (food, to denture materials) h) drugs (for example – captopril) i) all the mentioned factors 36.What pathogenetic factor leads to an atrophy of bones of a jaw in case of a trauma of an facial nerve?
37. What congenital anomalies of a maxillofacial skeleton break the digest function ?
38. What changes of intestinal mucous are observed in the oral cavity in Crone’s disease?
39. What initial manifestation in the oral cavity can be observed in patients with ulcerative colitis? а) alcerotive-necrotic stomatitis b) oral pioderma 40. Name etiological factors of paralysis of the facial nerve
41. What changes of a dento-facial skeleton are characteristic for mielomatosis?
42. What is the mechanism of the development of macroglosia in mielomatosis
43. What are the changes of the facial- mandibular in HIV infection and AIDS?
44. What are the manifestations of liver pathology in the oral cavity?
45. What condition of phatogenesis of disoders in a small intestine and anemia leads to ulcers in the oral cavity, glositis and angular cheilitis
46. Name dental manifestations of chronic renal insufficiency
47. Insufficiency of hypophysis function appears in the oral cavity as
48. What pathogenetic factor causes erosion of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity in diseases of small intestine?
49. What pathogenetic factor causes herpetiformal change of the mucous membrane of oral cavity in diseases of small intestine?
50. What pathogenetic moment of anemia leads to the development of atrophic phenomena in the oral cavity?
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