Л. Ф. Лозінська викладач кафедри
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Вінницький Національний Медичний університет ім. М.І. Пирогова Методичні вказівки з розмовних тем для студентів I – II курсів (англійська мова) виправлене та доповнене видання м. Вінниця – 2010 р. Затверджені ЦМКС ВНМУ (протокол № _______ від “____” _______ 2010 р.)
Редакційно-видавнича група: Відповідальний редактор: Зам. відповідального редактора: Редактор: Комп'ютерна верстка : Методичні вказівки призначені для студентів, магістрантів та аспірантів Передмова Ці методичні вказівки призначені для навчання розмовної англійської мови студентів першого та другого курсів, магістрантів та аспірантів медичних навчальних закладів. Основною метою методичних вказівок є формування та розвиток умінь та навичок усного мовлення на загальні та професійні теми. До посібника вміщено розробки з таких усних тем: “I am a Student”, “My Family”, “My Working Day”, “Our University”, “Medical Education in Ukraine”, “Medical Education in Great Britain”, “Medical Education in the USA”, “Great Scientist M.I. Pirogov”, “At the Therapeutic Department”, “At the Surgical Department”, “At the Dentist’s”, “At the Chemist’s Shop”, “Polyclinics”, “The Ambulance Doctor”, “Health Service in Ukraine”, “Health Service in the USA”, “National Health Service in Great Britain”, “My Native Town (Vinnytsya)”, “At the Dental Polyclinic”, “Dental Service in Great Britain”, “Dental Service in Ukraine”, “Dental Service in the USA”, “Drugs”, “Our Future Profession”, “D. I. Mendeleyev”. До кожної теми пропонується англо-український словник та перелік питань для подальшого розвитку вмінь та навичок усного мовлення, і скорочений варіант теми. Цей посібник допоможе студентам I-II курсів медичних вузів самостійно вести бесіду англійською мовою у межах вивчених тем. Усі запропоновані теми входять до модулів (БП) та екзаменаційних білетів, що складені відповідно програми з англійської мови для немовних медичних ВУЗів України. ^ Increase your vocabulary:
Let me introduce myself to you. My name is Oleh Petrenko. I’m 18. I’m a first-year student of Vinnytsya National Pirogov Memorial Medical University. I’ve passed my *entrance exams successfully. I am glad I am a student of this University. *I’ve entered it this year. I want to be a doctor, *to treat patients. But *I’m in two minds about what to become: a neurologist, a surgeon, a therapeutist ... (pharmacist, dentist). My father told me: *”It’s up to you”. *I’m good at such subjects as: Maths, Chemistry, Anatomy, Latin. I have *deep knowledge in Biology. Also I *get down to foreign languages. Every day we have lectures and practical classes. I have much necessary work to do but sometimes *I am pressed for time. Our teachers say I am a *hard-working person. The second - year students study theoretical and clinical subjects. Some students have their practical training at hospitals, polyclinics, clinics of our town. Many of them do their *research work at different *students’ societies. I am a member of biological society, because I am fond of Biology and I am going to have deep knowledge in it, take part in research work and conferences. The future doctor must have deep knowledge of medicine and * practical experience. Notes: * entrance exam – вступний іспит * to enter the University – вступати до університету * to treat patients – лікувати пацієнтів * to be in two minds about – сумніватися в ч.- н. * it’s up to you – тобі самому вирішувати * to be good at smth. – бути сильним в чомусь * deep knowledge – глибокі знання * to get down to smth – серйозно займатись ч.- н. * to be pressed for time – мати недостатню кількість часу * to be a hard-working person – бути працелюбною людиною * research work – дослідницька робота * students’ society – [sq'saiqti] студентський гурток * practical experience – практичний досвід Questions about the text:
Summary My name is Oleg Petrenko. I’m 18. I’m a first-year student of Vinnytsya National Pirogov Memorial Medical University. I’ve passed my entrance exams. And now I am a student of this University. I want to be a doctor. We have many lectures and practical classes every day. We study such subjects as Biology, Maths, Chemistry, Anatomy, foreign languages and other subjects. During the second year students study theoretical subjects. They take part in the work of different students’ societies. The future doctor must have deep knowledge of medicine. He must have practical experience too. ^ Increase your vocabulary:
Vinnytsya Medical Institute was founded in 1934 on the basis of the Evening Industrial Medical Institute. Academician D.K. Zabolotnyi, the great scientist-microbiologist and bacteriologist was the initiator of opening Higher Medical institution in Vinnytsya. In 1960 the institute was given the name of M.I Pirogov. In 1984 the institute was awarded by order for success in training doctors and teaching staff, rendering assistance to practical public health services. In 1941 the majority of students and 150 graduates together with the teachers went to the fronts of the Second World War. In 1994 Vinnytsya Medical Institute was accredited on the highest level and its status was changed on university. At our university many competent doctors are trained. More than one thousand of doctors from 62 countries of Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America are trained at our University. Our university carries out the research work in all branches of medicine. At the university the education is carried out in the following specialities: “general medicine”, “paediatrics”, “dentistry”, “pharmacy” and “psycology”. There are more than 50 chairs (clinical and theoretical) with many lecturers, among them Doctors of Medical Science and professors, many candidates and assistant professors at our university. The theoretical chairs (those of Anatomy, Histology, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Foreign languages, Physiology and others ) are in the main buildings of our university. The clinical (special) chairs (those of Surgery, Therapy, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infectious Diseases and others) are in numerous clinics which are situated in different districts of our town. Professor V.M. Moroz is the rector of the university. He has some prorectors. The dean is the head of the department. The scientists of the University make a valuable contribution to the development of medical science. Scientific research is held on cardio-vascular Pathology, Morphology, Normal Physiology, Paediatrics, Surgery, Chemotherapy, Antiseptics and Pharmacology. In 2002 our university was awarded by the highest mark and is called National Pirogov Memorial Medical University. Questions about the text:
2. Who was the initiator of opening Higher Medical institution in Vinnytsya? 3. When was the institute given the name of M.I. Pirogov? 4. When was our university awarded by order and what for? 5. Vinnytsya Medical Institute was accredited on the highest level, wasn’t it? When was it accredited? 6. How many doctors from different countries have been trained at our University? 7. What research work does our university carry out? 8. What specialities are there at our university? 9. How many chairs are there at our university? Summary Vinnytsya Medical University Pirogov by name was founded in 1934. Now the University has five faculties: medical faculty, dentist faculty, pharmaceutical faculty, the faculties for foreign students and for doctors.There are six hostels for students who come from different towns, cities and countries. There is a big library where the students can get all necessary textbooks. There are many theoretical and clinical chairs at our University . The theoretical chairs of Anatomy, Histology, Chemistry, Biology are in the morphological block and block №2. The clinical chairs of Surgery, Therapy, Dentistry and others are in different hospitals of our town. Professor V.M. Moroz is the rector of the University. He has some prorectors. The dean is the head of the faculty. Every year many young people enter the university and become students. VINNYTSYA Increase your vocabulary:
I am very interested in promoting our area as an excellent place to live, study, establish and do business. Vinnytsya continues to create conditions favourable for a free-marked economy. For example, system of telecommunication is being modernized with modern equipment. Vinnytsya is home to about 360 thousand people. Vinnytsya is the cultural and educational town. There are many schools, colleges, universities and academies in Vinnytsya. There are also many popular schools and courses that provide a pool of talented individuals, knowledgeable in foreign languages and Western business principal. There are many monuments to famous people: M. Kotsyubynskyi, T. Shevchenko, I. Bogun, B. Khmelnytskyi, M.I. Pirogov and others in our city. Not far from Vinnytsya there is the estate-museum where M.I. Pirogov, the greatest scientist, surgeon, inventor worked and lived. M.I. Pirogov was buried in Vishnya. Vinnytsya is the agricultural town. Vinnytsya region has rich soil making agriculture and food processing sectors of its economy. Crops widely used here include cereals, potatoes, sugar beet and other vegetables and fruits. The number of population has increased and new sections of the city are being built now. The main railway which crosses the city is very important for the industrial life of Vinnytsya region. Vinnytsya was founded more than six centuries ago in 1363 by Lithuanian prince Olgert. The history of Vinnytsya is closely connected with the history of all Ukrainian people who always fought for the right to be masters of their own land. In the 17th century Vinnytsya was one of the main centres of liberation war under the leadership of B. Khmelnytskyi. The town played a significant role during World War II. The citizens of Vinnytsya are proud of their ancient and modern city. Questions about the text:
Summary Vinnytsya is my native town. It’s an excellent place to live, study and work. Vinnytsya is home to about 360 thousand people. Vinnytsya is a cultural and educational town. There are many schools, colleges, universities and academies in it. There are many monuments to famous people: M. Kotsyubynskyi, T. Shevchenko, I. Bogun, B. Khmelnytskyi, M.I. Pirogov and others. Not far from Vinnytsya there is the estate-museum where M.I. Pirogov, the greatest scientist, surgeon was buried. Vinnytsya is the agricultural town. Crops include cereals, potatoes, sugar beet and other vegetables and fruits. Vinnytsya was founded more than six centuries ago. The history of Vinnytsya is connected with the history of all Ukrainian people. Ukrainians always fought for the right to be masters of their own land. The town played an important role during World War II. The citizens of Vinnytsya are proud of their town. ^ Increase your vocabulary:
M. I. Pirogov, the great scientist, surgeon, inventor, innovator and writer was born in Moscow on November 25, 1810 in the family of a clerk. At 14 Pirogov became a student of medical faculty at Moscow University. Three years later he successfully graduated from the Moscow University and was sent to a professorship institute. At 23 he completed the course and defended the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine. In 1836 M. I. Pirogov was elected a professor of Theoretical and Practical Surgery at the Derpt University. Under his guidance 14 doctors’ theses on surgery were defended there. In 1841 M. I. Pirogov was elected the professor of the chair of Hospital Surgery, Pathologic and Surgical Anatomy in St. Petersburg Academy of Medicine and Surgery. He wrote a set of works in Surgery and Anatomy. “The Fundamentals of Field Surgery”, “Topographic Anatomy” are among them. He also worked on the problem of using ether vapours as sedative drug. He opened new possibilities in Surgery; he also performed osteoplastic operations and was the first to divide the Achilles tendon. He took part in four wars as a field surgeon. He discovered rigid plaster cast and formulated some of the most important principles of treating gunshot wounds,fractures, shock and wound infections. In 1856 M.I. Pirogov became a supervisor of Educational Institutions in Odessa region and then he held the same position in Kyiv. On his initiative a university was founded in Odessa. He spent his last years of life in Vishnya, not far from Vinnytsya, Ukraine. He built a house, a dispensary, and a small hospital. Now it is Pirogov’s estate-museum. M.I. Pirogov died from cancer on November 23, 1881. Many people from all over the world come to Vinnytsya to pay tribute to him. Questions about the text:
Summary M. I. Pirogov was a great Russian surgeon. He was a brilliant scientist. At 22 he became a Doctor of Science, at 30 he was a professor. Pirogov made many discoveries in surgery. He performed osteoplastic operations,operations on the Achilles tendon. Pirogov took part in four wars as a field surgeon. He introduced a rigid plaster cast and general narcosis during operations. Pirogov wrote many classic works in Surgery and Anatomy. His anatomic atlas is used even now. Pirogov’s motto was: “There is no medicine without Surgery and no Surgery without Anatomy”. ^ (for medical students and dentists) Increase your vocabulary:
ййййод Ф As you know on *receiving a prescription from a doctor or on following a home treatment all of us need medicines which are ordered or bought at a chemist’s. There are usually two departments in the chemist’s. At the *chemist’s department one can have the medicine immediately (right away), other drugs have to be ordered at the *prescription department. At any chemist’s all the drugs are kept in drug cabinets. Every small bottle, a tube or a box of medicine has a label with the name of the medicine and its indication stuck on it. There are labels of four colours: green labels indicate drugs for internal use, yellow ones indicate drugs for external use and blue ones indicate drugs for injection. Drugs used for treatment of eye diseases have labels of a pink colour. The dose to be taken and the directions for the administration are also indicated on a label. As a rule the directions for the administration of a drug are written on the signature. It is well known that chemists, doctors, *as well as patients themselves must not confuse different remedies, because some of them are poisonous and their overdosage may cause bad (unfavourable) reaction, sometimes even death. In the drug cabinets one can see small parcels of different powders , ampules of drugs used for intravenous and intramuscular injections. There are tubes of *healing ointments, different pills, sedative and tonics, as vitamins and *sleeping draughts. Here you can find different laxative drugs, tablets for headache, bottles of iodine and others. At the chemist’s shop one can buy *hot water bottles, medicine droppers and many other things which are necessary for *medical care. Notes: * at the chemist’s shop – ['kemists] в аптеці * to receive a prescription – [ri'si:v] отримувати рецепт * chemist’s department – [kqm'pli:t] відділ ручного продажу ліків * prescription department – [pri'skripSqn] рецептурний відділ * as well as – а також * healing ointment – ['hi:lIN 'oIntmqnt] лікувальна мазь * sleeping draught – ['sli:piN 'dra:ft] снодійне * hot water bottle - грілка * medical care – медичний догляд Questions about the text:
Summary There are many chemist’s shops in our town. Some of them are state, others are private. A state chemist’s shop has two departments: the chemist’s department and the prescription department. At the chemist’s department we can have medicines immediately. At the prescription department you can order some drugs. All drugs are kept in drug cabinets. Every box or a bottle of medicine has a label with its name. There are labels of four colours: green, yellow, pink and blue. Green labels indicate drugs for internal use. Yellow labels indicate drugs for external use. Blue labels indicate drugs for injections. Drugs used for treatment of eye diseases have labels of a pink colour. At the chemist’s shop we can buy everything necessary for medical care. POLYCLINICS Increase your vocabulary:
Citizens of Ukraine have the right to health protection. This right is insured by qualified medical care provided by state health institutions. One of such medical institutions is the polyclinic. If a person falls ill he will ring up to his local polyclinic and call in a doctor. When his condition isn’t very poor and he has no high temperature he goes to the polyclinic to his district therapist. All local physicians have their consulting hours at the polyclinic. During the medical examination a physician usually asks the patient about his complaints. According to them he carries on physical examination. The doctor applies the stethoscope to the patient’s chest and listens to his lungs and heart. He measures his blood pressure, asks the patient to take the temperature. The laboratory findings help the physician to make a correct diagnosis and administer a proper treatment. To be sure of diagnosis the doctor sometimes directs the patient to be X-rayed. Local physicians go to the calls to examine those patients who are seriously ill. Such sick personsиreceive a *sick leave at the *Trade Union expense. They usually follow a *bed regimen. If necessary the doctor directs them to the *in-patient department for treatment. Any physician of the polyclinic knows his patients very well because he treats only a definite number of patients. At the local polyclinic every patient has a personal patient’s card which is filled in by his district therapist. The diagnosis of the disease, the administrations, the cause of the disease, the changes in the patient’s condition are written down in the card. At polyclinics periodical medical examinations are carried on because they help *to nip a disease in the bud. It is easier to prevent the disease than to cure it. Notes: * sick-leave – лікарняний лист * the Trade Union - ["treid 'jHnIqn]—профспілка рофспілка * at the expense – [Iks'pens] за рахунок * a bed regimen - ['reGImqn]—постільний режим * in-patient department – стаціонарне відділення * to nip in the bud – [bAd] знищити в корені, ліквідувати Questions about the text:
Summary In Ukraine there are many medical institutions to protect the health of people. One of them is the policlinic. If a person falls ill he goes to the polyclinic to his district doctor. The district doctor carries out physical examination. He sends the patient to the laboratory to make analysis. The laboratory findings help the doctor to make a correct diagnosis. Sometimes the doctor directs the patient to be X-rayed. At the district polyclinic every patient has his personal card. At polyclinics periodical medical examinations are made. They help to prevent many diseases. ^ Increase your vocabulary:
In case of an accident or a sudden severe illness calls are made to the *First Aid Station . Many First Aid teams work *all day round in Vinnytsya. There are many teams of First Aid Station. They are: the emergency therapy team, cardiological teams, pediatric teams, neurological team, psychiatric team and others. Both during the day and night the operators on duty receive 400 – 500 calls. For the rapid arrival of the ambulance to the place of the call two First Aid Substations were organized in Vinnytsya. The Central First Aid Station *gives first medical aid for all living in the central part of our town and in Zamostyansky district. Operators on duty distribute all got calls on the substations. The team of the ambulance consists of a doctor, a medical assistant and a driver. The special team has a *stretcher-bearer. The First Aid Station has many ambulances which are equipped with everything necessary for giving first aid and making a diagnosis. The ambulances carry *artificial respiration apparatuses, different medicines, such as pain-killers, sedatives, tonics and other preparations; dressings, first aid instruments, such as pincers, syringes, scalpels, tourniquets and others; sets of splints and stretchers. There are special ambulances which are equipped with everything necessary for the reanimation of the organism. All ambulances are radio equipped. Using the radio the doctors have the possibility to send the necessary information to the nearest hospital and prepare beforehand. The main thing in the work of the ambulance doctor is to make the correct diagnosis quickly. The ambulance doctor must have a deep knowledge of Emergency Surgery, Toxicology, Emergency Therapy, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. I want to present you one case from the work of the ambulance doctor. Case. A call was made to the First Aid Station. A man was badly injured in an accident. When the ambulance doctor reached the place of the accident he examined the victim. He had an open bleeding wound in his leg. His arm was fractured. There were many injures, abrasions and bruises on his face and forehead. First the ambulance doctor tried to arrest profuse arterial bleeding. He elevated the injured extremity carefully and applied a tourniquet to it. Next the doctor applied a sterile gauze dressing on the man’s face and forehead to prevent contamination. The man complained of nausea. It was necessary to hospitalize him *without delay because the patient was in a very poor state. The stretcher bearers laid the patient down on the stretcher carefully and in 15 minutes he was brought to the hospital. Notes: * all day round – цілодобово * First Aid Station – станція швидкої допомоги * to give first aid – надавати першу допомогу * stretcher-bearer - носій * artificial respiration apparatus – апарат штучного дихання * without delay – [wID'aut dI'leI] без затримкибезн Questions about the text: 1. What teams does the First Aid Station include?
Summary The First Aid Station is on duty all day round. There are many ambulances which have everything necessary for giving first aid. They have different medicines, dressings and first aid instruments. There are ambulances for reanimation of the organism. All ambulances are radio equipped. The ambulance doctor must know well Surgery, Therapy, Toxicology. He must give the patient proper aid on the spot. If necessary the patient is transported to the hospital. The work of an ambulance doctor is very difficult. But it is necessary for all people. ^ Increase your vocabulary:
The NHS was established in *the UK on July 5th, 1948. It provides all kinds of medical services to all residents of the country. The NHS is run by the Government and is financed in some ways. Every working person has to pay a weekly contribution about 15 per cent of the total cost. Money come from general taxes too. For some things the patients may pay a small charge or even *get it free . If the patient falls within certain categories such as: a pensioner, a person aged 60 or over, *a child under 16 or under 19 in *full-time education , pregnant or nursing mother*, suffering from one of *specified conditionsor on *income support or *family credit he gets his medicine free. NHS dentists also provide free treatment for some people including children under 18, subsidized treatment for others. Glasses and contact lenses are not supplied through the NHS but some people can get help with their costs. Pharmacists and health professionals are *available to give advice on treating common problems. The Government cares for pregnant women and new mothers. The Government explains them their rights and standards of service they can receive during pregnancy, the baby’s birth and * postnatal care. The NHS consists of three main parts: the *GP (including dental services), the hospital and specialists’ services, the *local health authority services (HA). The patients have the right to receive health care on the basis of their clinical needs, not on their ability to pay, their lifestyle or other factors. They also are registered with a GP or are able to change their GP if they want to. They can get emergency treatment too. In Gr. Britain there are general and special hospitals, tuberculosis sanatoria, infectious disease units and nursing homes. Most patients go into hospital quickly after a consultant has decided that treatment is needed. From April 1995, the NHS is broadening *the 18 month guarantee to cover all admissions to hospital. In accident and emergency departments, 9 out of 10 patients are seen for treatment *as soon as they arrive. The patients expect to arrive the ambulance within 14 minutes in urban area. Many families have their own doctor who gets pay directly from his patients. These doctors give their patients regular examination, vaccination and advice. Notes: * the UK – Об'єднане Королівство * to get free – отримувати безкоштовно * full-time education – денний стаціонар * nursing mother – мати, що доглядає за дитиною * family credit – сімейний кредит * specified condition – специфічне захворювання * income support – підтримка за рахунок прибутків |
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